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Handball History

Handball has developed from a number of similar games, which were in existence at the start of the 20th century. These games were played in Central and Northern Europe and in 1926 Standard International Rules were established. In 1928 the International Amateur Handball Federation was established by 11 countries during the Summer Olympic Games. This body later became the present International Handball Federation.
In the early part of the century Handball was an eleven-a-side game played outdoors on a soccer pitch and indeed this version of the game is still played by ‘Veterans’ in countries such as Austria and Germany.
As the popularity of handball spread throughout Europe, major modifications were being considered in Northern Europe due to the more severe climate. The need for indoor handball became apparent. As an indoor game, handball became faster and more colourful and rapidly grew to become popular throughout Europe.
Indoor handball and the outdoor field version enjoyed equal popularity until the late 1960’s. In 1965 the Olympic Committee approved indoor handball for the Olympic Games and the name ‘Handball’ now refers exclusively to the indoors 7-a-side version.

The first IHF men’s indoor World Championships were held in 1954 and Sweden emerged as the champions. Three years later Czechoslovakia won the first Ladies Championships. The Scandinavian countries, along with Germany and the former Soviet Union, were traditionally the powerhouses in world Handball. This has been changing over the past decade as the popularity of the sport has increased in the Southern and Western European countries as well as in the Far East. We now have very strong national teams from other nations France, Denmark, Egypt, and Korea.
Handball has yet to gain a significant foothold in the English speaking world but even so is played in all parts of America, Canada, Australia, Britain and Ireland. Teams from these countries regularly compete at World and Olympic championships but as yet they have not broken into the top ranking nations.


Basic Handball rules

The Playing Court: The court measures 20 meters (65' 7") by 40 meters (131' 3"). The goal area line, or 6-meter line (19' 8"), is the most important line. No one except the goalie is allowed to stand in the goal area. The goal opening is 2 meters by 3 meters. Players may jump into the area if the ball is released before landing in the area.

The Ball: Team handball is played with a 32-panel leather ball. For women, the ball is 54 to 56 centimeters and 325 to 400 grams (ball size 2). For men, it is 58 to 60 centimeters and 425 to 475 grams (ball size 3).

Number of Players: There are seven players on each team (six court players and one goalie). A maximum of 12 players may dress and participate in a game for each team. Substitutes may enter the game at any time through own substitution area as long as the player they are replacing has left the court.

Uniform of the Players: Uniform shirts and shorts are the same color. The goalkeeper must wear a different color shirt from teammates and opponents. No jewelry is allowed.

Referees: There are two referees, a court referee and a goal line referee. Referees have complete authority: Their decisions are final. The referees are assisted by a timer and a scorer.

Duration of the Game: For players 18 years and over, the game consists of 2, 30-minute halves with 10-minute half-time. This is running time except for injury or one team time-out per half. The teams change benches at half-time. The game ends in a tie unless the game demands a winner. (Tournament rules dictate that a winner must be determined.) Overtime consists of 2, 5-minute periods.

Passive Play: It is illegal to keep the ball in a team's possession without making a recognizable attempt to attack and to try to score. In other words, a team cannot stall (free-throw awarded to the other team). Throw-Off: A throw-off is taken by the team that wins the coin toss and chooses to start the game with the ball. Each team must be in its own half of the court with the defense 3 meters away from the ball. Following a whistle, the ball is passed from center court to a teammate and play begins. Throw-off is repeated after every goal scored and after half-time.

Scoring: A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the goal line inside the goal. A goal may be scored from any throw (free-throw, throw-in, throw-off, goal-throw).


Handball

Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team. The team with the most goals after two periods of 30 minutes wins.
Modern handball is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the form of field handball (which was more common in the past) and beach handball. American handball and Gaelic handball are completely different sports.
The game is quite fast and includes body contact as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. Contact is only allowed when the defensive player is completely in front of the offensive player, i.e. between the offensive player and the goal. This is referred to as a player sandwich. Any contact from the side or especially from behind is considered dangerous and is usually met with penalties. When a defender successfully stops an attacking player, the play is stopped and restarted by the attacking team from the spot of the infraction or on the nine meter line. Unlike in basketball where players are allowed to commit only 5 fouls in a game (6 in the NBA), handball players are allowed an unlimited number of "faults," which are considered good defence and disruptive to the attacking team's rhythm.
Goals are scored quite frequently ; usually both teams score at least 20 goals each, and it is not uncommon for both teams to score more than 30 goals. This was not true in the earliest history of the game, when the scores were more akin to that of ice hockey. But, as offensive play has improved since the late 1980s, particularly the use of counterattacks (fast breaks) after a failed attack from the other team, goal scoring has increased.